March 1st, Independence Movement Day or 삼일절 in Korea

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What is Independence Movement Day in Korea?

March First Movement Day, also known as Independence Movement Day is the national holiday in South Korea that commemorates a nationwide independence movement which took place on March 1st 1919 in protest against Japanese colonization.

The name 삼일절 (Samiljeol) can be split into three words:

삼 = 3
일 = day
절 = festival day




Background


On March 1, 1919, a series of demonstrations for Korean national independence from Japan started in the capital city of Seoul and soon spread throughout the country. It is estimated that approximately 2 million Koreans participated in more than 1,500 demonstrations that took place over a period of 12 months, when the Japanese finally suppressed the movement. Even though Koreans took to the streets in peaceful demonstrations, they were met with violence and thousands were arrested. Approximately, 7,000 people were killed by the Japanese police and soldiers, and 16,000 were wounded; 715 private houses, 47 churches, and 2 school buildings were destroyed by fire. Roughly 46,000 people were arrested, of whom some 10,000 were tried and convicted.

Even though the movement failed in achieving its main goal of national independence, it was significant in strengthening national unity, and on May 24, 1949, South Korea designated March 1st as a national holiday.




How is Independence Movement Day celebrated?

The national holiday is marked by the reading of the 1919 Declaration of Independence at Pagoda Park in Seoul. Also, it is a day to fly the Korean flag, learn about Korean history, and take pride in being Korean.

Many Koreans visit historic sites like Seodaemun Prison History Hall or Independence Hall of Korea.


Caption: The photo taken on March 1, 2018, shows President Moon Jae-in alongside first lady Kim Jung-sook, commemorating the movement’s 99th anniversary in front of Dongnimmun (Independence) Gate at Seodaemun Prison in Seoul.



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